西方新政治经济学与东亚的现实

Western new political economics and its applicability in east Asia

文章对照中国和韩国等东亚的传统和现实 ,对西方新政治经济学进行方法论分析 ,主要分析公共选择理论的三个理论假设和新制度经济学的制度变迁理论。心理学、社会学、哲学、伦理学等相关学科都对经济人假设提出了批评。东亚经济政治的制度结构与西方不同 ,经济人假设的适用性受到限制。政治与市场有本质的区别 ,交换政治观本身就有问题。有权威主义传统的东亚国家与西方国家不同 ,在儒家“行仁政”思想的影响下 ,政府对经济的干预程度深 ,政治中“交换”的色彩不明显。方法论的个人主义逻辑上仍有缺陷 ,在强调国和家大于个人 ,注重社群伦理的东亚 ,个人主义的地位并不突出。此外东亚的个人主义的内涵也不同于西方 ,有非理性的特征。政治具有报酬递增和路径依赖的特征 ,西方和中国的学者使用新制度经济学的方法分析中国政治和改革 ,各自取得了积极的成果。路径依赖理论较为适于中国的改革分析。

Starting from comparing the traditions and present practice in China and Korea, the paper analyses the Western New Political Economics in terms of its reality and methodology, with a focus on the three assumptions about the Public Choice Theory and the Change Theory of New Institutional Economics. The Economic Man Assumption is criticized by psychologists, sociologists, philosophers and moralists in western society and gets limited in its application due to the differences in social institutions of eastern and the western countries. Politics is different from market in essence, so it can not be treated equal to the exchange of goods. The authority tradition enables the government to intervene the market excessively in eastern countries, thus weakens the sense of exchange in politics. The individualism in methodology is still imperfect and not so outstanding in East Asia where the state and family are more important than individuals. Furthermore the eastern individualism with its anti rational characteristics is different from the western one. Both Western and Chinese scholars try to analyze the Chinese economy and politics in terms of New Institutional Economics and have achieved greatly in the findings that the theory of path dependent is more suitable to China's reality.