马克思认识论基本思想的形成及其历史意义——从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》到《德意志意识形态》

The Formation and Historical Significance of Marxist Epistemological Thought

从写作《1844年经济学哲学手稿》到完成《德意志意识形态》 ,是马克思哲学思想形成的重要阶段 ,唯物史观和辩证唯物主义认识论是这一阶段有机联系的两个理论成果 ,对人类实践活动本质和规律的揭示 ,是这两个理论成果产生的基础和前提。实践问题既是社会历史问题 ,又是认识问题 ,是一个如何认识“感性世界”包括我们自己的社会存在的问题 ;从一定意义上讲 ,不阐明实践所蕴含的最一般意义上的主客体关系问题 ,就不可能进一步正确说明人与自然、个人与社会、社会与自然的关系。用以实践性为本质特征的认识论去分析人类的生存方式和发展形式 ,是唯物史观产生的重要条件 ,并对今天科学和哲学发展中一些重大问题的解决 。

Marx's philosophical thought was largely formed during his writing of the 1844 Manuscript on Economic Philosophy and German Ideology. Material conception of history and the dialectical materialist theory of knowledge are the two theoretical achievements made during this period. They show the nature human practice. The problem of practice is both the question of social history and that of epistemology. It is also a question of how to know the 'sensual world' of our own social existence. If we don't understand the meaning implied between the subject and the object, we will not be able to illustrate correctly the relations between man and nature, individual and society, society and nature, etc.