马克思的社会形态理论辨正

A Critical Study of Marx's Social Formation Theory

马克思的社会形态理论是五形态理论 ,该理论在马克思那里有充分的文本根据 ,马克思始终坚持了该理论。理解五形态理论的视角至关重要 ,须从“世界历史”的视角去理解它。马克思的五形态理论不是社会发展的单线论 ,而是既坚持社会发展规律的普遍性 ,又承认单个国家发展道路特殊性的辨证决定论。马克思不仅精辟地分析了在“世界历史”的大环境下个别国家超越式发展的深层原因 。

Marx's social formation theory is five formation theory,which has ample text grounds.Marx adheres to it all along.It is vital to understand five formation theory. We must understand it from the angle of world history. Marx's five formation theory is not one-way theory of social development ,but dialectical determinism which adheres to universal laws of social development on the one hand,and recognizes the speciality of one single country's way of development on the other. Marx not only penetratingly analyses the deep reason for individual country's special development under a unique circumstance of the world history ,but also put forward three kinds of basic models of social development.