宣宗孙皇后与明朝中叶政治

Queen Sun of Emperor Xuan Zong and Politics of Middle Ming Dynasty

在明代史籍中 ,对宣宗孙皇后多有褒词。其实 ,这些记载多属不实之词 ,需予以澄清。孙皇后在明代中叶政治中所起的负面影响主要有三方面 :其一 ,孙皇后在宣德时期争金宝 ,废元后 ,变乱宫闱 ,促使明朝政治由清明向腐败转变 ;其二 ,孙皇后在正统“土木之变”时期 ,阻挠成阝王朱祁钰即位 ,影响抗击瓦剌入侵准备工作正常进行 ;其三 ,孙皇后在“夺门之变”这个导致明朝倒退的宫廷政变中起了消极的作用。由此可以得出结论 ,孙皇后在明朝由强盛走向衰落的历史转变中 。

In the historical literatures of Ming dynasty,Queen Sun of Emperor Xuan Zong was respected.Through my careful study,these literatures are misleading and need clarification.This paper is divided into three parts to discuss the negative influence of Queen Sun in the politics of middle Ming dynasty.First,it narrates Sun's pursuit of Golden Cimelia and abolishing the first queen,which discovers her plots to turn the Ming dynasty into a corrupt government.Then it states that in the period of 'Tumu Accident',Sun hindered the enthronement of Prince Zhu Qiyu and the preparation for the struggle against the attack of Wala soldiers.At last the paper narrates Sun's negative influence in the 'Royal Door Coup d'Etat',which led to the retreat of Ming dynasty.