论20世纪中国汉语转型语法学

On Chinese Transitory Grammar of the 20th Century

不同语言类型制约着不同研究方法的自发形成，如果不拘于西方语形语法学的眼光，进行实字语义训释和虚字功能考索的训诂学就是汉语传统语法学。２０世纪的汉语语法研究是引进西方理论的“汉语转型语法学”，根据所引进西方语法理论方法，可分为草创、变革、发展、重建四个阶段。马建忠在１８９８年就创立了“两个平面的语法理论”。叶斯泊森语法哲学是欧洲新传统语法学，从属关系语法与三品说的基本原理存在渊源关系。汉语转型语法学存在两条主线：以普遍唯理为基础的马建忠传统-引进语法哲学理论-吕叔湘的传统·结构语法学；以结构主义为基础的赵元任传统-借鉴生成语言学方法-朱德熙的结构·语义语法学。人类语言的本质共性是语义性，东西方语法学合流的基点不应是语形语法学，而应当是语义语法学。

Different type of languages restrain the automatic development of different study methods，and Chinese tradition-al grammar is to make a critical interpretation of the meanings of content words and an investigation of the functions of the form words.The study of Chinese grammar of the20th century is“Chinese Transitory Grammar”made after introducing Western theories，which according to the methods of introduced Western grammatical theories can be divided into four stages:draft，change，development and reconstruction.Ma Jianzhong established“grammatical theory on two levels”in 1898.“The Philosophy of Grammar”by Otto Jesperson is neo-traditional grammar of Europe，and his theory of three ranks is the origin of the dependency relation grammar.There are two main lines in Chinese Transitory Grammar:one is Ma Jianzhong tradition based on universal rational grammar—the introduction of Jesperson’s Philosophy of Grammar—Lu Shuxiang’s traditional and structural grammar，the other is Zhao Yuanren tradtion based on structuralism—the absorption of generative linguistic method—Zhu Dexi’s structural and semantic grammar.The essential universality of human lan-guages is semanticity，and the corner stone of converging Oriental and Occidental grammars should be semantic grammar.