“穷人”归向与“头朝下”心理——老舍对满汉双重文化的深刻思索

Low Stratum" Self-realization & "Up-side-down" Mentality -Lao She's Deep Thinking about Manchurian and Han Culture

可以说 ,“穷北京满族人”这六个字解说并涵盖了老舍生命与文学的全部身世背景与文本内容 ;亦点示出老舍在 2 0世纪中国乃至世界文学发展史上的独特价值与意义。老舍出生于满族穷骑兵之家 ;他亲身体会过“穷”的真滋味。自始至终 ,老舍都非常清醒地自我认定为“穷人” ,自觉地把自己划归到“穷人”堆里。满族的确有着值得荣耀的历史 ;但 ,也有“头朝下”的一面。这是一种特殊的无奈、不平与优越的挣扎。“穷人”归向与“头朝下”心理 ,决定了老舍文本的几个太不同 :感情投向 ,素材选取 ,人物塑造 ,思索焦点等。可以说 ,老舍文学中 ,写得最美 ,最感人的形象是那些“头朝下”的“穷人”。

It may be said that the word 'poor Beijinger Manchurian' highlights and covers the whole life background of Lao She and all contents of his literature. It also indicates and implies the special value and signifincance of Lao She literature among Chinese and international literature of 20 th Century.\;Lao She was born in a poor Manchurian soldier family. He had deeply experienced poverty life. From the beginning to the end, Lao She clearly realized himself as a 'poor person' and consciously classified himself to the low social stratum. Manchurian people had had its glorious history. But, it had gone to another extreme, e.g., upside down. This is a kind of special struggle between helplessness, unfairness and supremacy.\;'Low stratum' self realization and 'uptside down' mentality, these two elements determine several specialties of Lao She literature in emotional tendency, material choice, characterization creation and thoughts focus, etc. We may say that the most beautiful and touching part of Lao She literature is the stories describing poor people or upside down populace.