《诗经·七月》“纳于凌阴”、“献羔祭韭”释义考补

Supplementary Philological Studies of Two Phrases: Putting Ice in the Icehouse and Offering Lambs and Chives as Sacrifices

《诗经·豳风·七月》卒章有“纳于凌阴”、“献羔祭韭”二语 ,现行各家注本 ,对“纳于凌阴”的目的或未作说明、或语焉不详 ,不利于读者阅读。“纳于凌阴” ,是指藏冰于冰窖 ,古人这样做 ,是为了在冬天过后的季节里能够使用冰。冰的具体用途有 :一、用于宴宾 ;二、用于丧事 ;三、用于祭祀 ;四、借以燮理阴阳 ,调节气候。今注多认为《诗经·豳风·七月》“献羔祭韭”的对象是天子的祖先 ,这是一种误解。事实上 ,古人“献羔祭韭”的对象不是天子的祖先 ,而是“司寒神” ,这是在启冰时举行的一种礼仪。祭祀祖先 ,是在启冰之后进行的 ,这个仪式叫做“荐冰” ,对此古代文献中有着详尽的记载与描述。

There are two phrases: putting ice in the icehouse and offering lambs and chives as sacrifices in the last paragraph of July, one of ballads in Bin County in the Book of Songs.In current annotating versions, the purpose of putting ice in the icehouse isn't explained, or sketchy so that readers can't understand it easily. The ancients put ice in the icehouse in order to use ice after winter. Ice was applied to entertaining guests, funeral arrangements, offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, harmonizing Yin and Yang, and regulating climate. It is a misunderstanding that the ancients offered lambs and chives as sacrifices to the ancestor of the Son of Heaven. In fact, the ancients offered lambs and chives as sacrifices to the god administering cold, which was a rite held while uncovering the ice. The rite, offering ice as a sacrifice, would be held after uncovering the ice, which had been described in detail in the ancient documents.