从英国工党与工会关系看工党职能的变化

The Functional Change of the British Labor Party in View of the Relationship between the Party and the British Trade Union

英国工党脱胎于英国工会 ,是欧洲的主要左翼政治力量 ,“民主社会主义”是其主要的政治纲领。二战后 ,工党政府率先开始构筑英国式“福利国家” ,开始大规模的“国有化”计划。但是 ,从60年代末开始 ,英国工党却面临着主要阶级支柱工会的冷遇以及政治仕途上的失意 ,其主要根源是英国工党经过战后50年的发展 ,社会职能和阶级基础发生了变化。对一个谋求执政的政党来说 ,牢固的社会支持和卓有成效的政绩是执政的基础 ,而工党党章中被视为“图腾”的“公有制条款” ,却不能满足日益壮大的社会中间阶层选民的要求 ,也妨碍了工党在经济政策上的灵活性。工党与工会关系的转变正反映了工党开始根据英国政治。

Born of the British Trade Union, the British Labor Party, with 'democratic socialism' as its primary political creed, is the leading political force of left wing in Europe. After the Second World War, the Labor Party took the lead in building 'welfare country' of the British style, implementing the plan of 'nationalization' in large scale. However, since the end of the 1960s the British Labor Party has been facing political frustration and the absent treatment of its backbone, the British Trade Union, mainly because the class foundation and social function of the party has been changed after the fifty years' postwar development A political party in power relies on social support and excellent political achievements, unfortunately, the articles relating to public ownership of means of production in the party constitution neither can satisfy the need of the middle class nor can help to carry out economical policies flexibly. The change between the party and trade union has resulted in the party's functional adjustment in light of changes in political, economical and social structures.