试论14、15世纪英国城市中手工业行会的变化和作用

On the Evolution and Role of Craft Gilds in England Cities in 14th and 15th Century

１４世纪中期以后，随着商品经济的发展、资本集中和自由受雇的劳动力的出现，城市中主要的生产和经营组织──手工业行会在不断地发展和变化中，资本主义生产关系的萌芽在手工业行会的分化和联合中产生和发展着，手工业行会演变为公会保护和发展了资本主义生产关系的萌芽。

After the 50s of the 14th century, accompanying with the development of the commodity economy, capital concentration and the arising of free-employed labour, craft gilds , which were the major producting and management organization in the cities, were consistantly evolving. The embryonib of capitalistic production relation was formed and developed in the dividing and joining of craft gilds The craft gilds evolved into companies It protecred and developed the embtyonic of die capitalistibc production relation.