模具材料优化选择与系统工程

Die Materials Optimization Selection and Its System Engineering

以系统工程的观点对模具材料优化选择的决策进行了初步的探讨 ,并从抓主要矛盾解决问题的方法 ,就热作模具材料的优化选择提出了三类主要的决策方法 :绝大多数热作模具在高温重载下工作 ,模具寿命短 ,甚至一个工班要换几个模具 ,因此用失效抗力性能高的热作模具钢来制造此类模具 ;对锌、铅、锡等低熔点合金的压铸模或热挤压模 ,一般在 4 5 0℃下工作 ,服役条件相对好 ,可按产品批量大小选择 ,例如几十万件的可选合金结构钢 4 0Cr,30CrMnSi等 ,若批量上百万件的便选用标准热作模具钢 5CrNiMo ,H13,3Cr2W8V等 ;热冲裁模工作温度一般在 30 0℃以下 ,所有的热作模具钢都合用 ,因此着重从便于生产管理出发来选所用的钢材 .

Based on the principle of the system engineering, the policy decision for die material selection is discussed and three policy decision methods for the hot-working die material selection are introduced. Most hot-working dies under high temperature and heavy duty which are short-lived and even consume several dies in one shift, should select hot-working die steel with high failure resistance performance. Casting dies or extrusion dies for Zn, Pb, Sn and other low melting point alloys under 450℃ and better working condition, would be selected accordance with the production batch. Hot blanking dies commonly worked under 300 ℃ can employ all kinds of hot-working die steels, therefore the selection is concerned about mainly according to the convenience of production management.