环境侵权的经济学分析

Economic Analyses of Environmental Torts

环境侵权作为一种特殊的民事侵权行为 ,与侵权主体对自身经济利益的追求密切相关。同时 ,由于生产的外部经济效果导致市场失灵 ,以及政府管理成本高昂并缺乏灵活性的特点 ,助长了环境侵权。采用经济学方法控制环境侵权 ,主要是在平衡企业生产的边际社会损害与清除损害的边际社会成本的基础上 ,征收污染税、尝试创造消除“负外部经济效果”的权利交易市场 ,并辅之以严格的惩戒措施。

The environmental torts result from the pursuit of maximized economic benefits.Meanwhile,the market deficiency and the administrative deficiency,which are respectively aroused by the economic externalities and the disadvantages of the administration,lead to the environmental torts.By means of tolling the pollution tax and establishing the market of 'externalities' and pollution dumping rights,the environmental torts are expected to be under control.