退休老人心理社会应激因素与身体健康状况关系的研究

Study on the relation between psycho-social factors and health in elders

目的 探讨退休老年群体心身健康与心理社会因素的关系。方法 对 2 98例退休老人施测艾森克人格问卷、特质应对问卷、生活事件量表和 90项症状自评量表 ,以及做有关身体和血液生化学检查。分析各心理社会因素分别与心理健康水平的相关性 ,并以心理症状总量分为应变量作多元逐步回归分析 ,以寻找老人心理健康水平受哪些心理社会应激因素的影响 ;同时 ,统计和分析老人身体健康水平受心理社会因素影响的可能性。结果 生活事件、消极应对和情绪不稳定个性特征三项心理应激因素与心理症状各种量分之间有正相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,积极应对和外向个性两项心理应激因素与心理症状各种量分之间有负相关 (P <0 .0 1) ;多元逐步回归分析以情绪不稳定性、积极应对、消极应对三项进入方程 ;情绪不稳定性 (N分 )、消极应对和SCL 90总分等心理社会指标与血小板功能、血甘油三脂和载脂蛋白B等指标有部分相关 ;患有心血管病、糖尿病和慢性支气管炎等疾病的退休老人存在较多的消极心理社会因素 ,包括内向和情绪不稳定、心理痛苦症状多和消极的应对方式等。结论 应对方式和个性特征是影响退休老人心理健康水平的主要因素 ;消极的心理社会因素可能对老年的心血管系统有直接的和不良的生物化学影响 ,与老年身体疾病也可能存在?

Objective To explore the relation between the psychosomatic health and psychosocial factors in retired older. Method 298 retired older were investigated with Esenck Personality Questionaire , Symptom Check List 90(SCL 90), Elderly' Copy Style Questionaire ,Life Event Scale(LES) ,physical examination and biochemical test .Using multiple regression techniques and correlation analysis predicted effect of psychosocial factors on mental health and relation between physical health and psychosocial factors. Result LES, Negative Coping(NC) and Neuroticism have positive correlation with SCL 90(P<0.01),Positive Coping(PC) and Extraversion have negative correlation with SCL 90(P<0.01).The multiple regression analysis indicate: NC and Neuroticism contributed significantly to SCL 90,But PC can desease the scores of SCL 90. Neuroticism ,NC and SCL 90 were partly related to platelet function ,TG and apo B. The retired olders with diabetes, chronic bronchitis and cardiovascular system disease have higher scores in Iveuroticism NC and SCL 90 and less scores in Extroversion than the normal retired olders .Conclusion Coping style and personality were main factors affecting mental health in retired older . The negative psychosocial factors would have a direct and bad effect on physical health in retired older.