光敏感雄性不育水稻的体细胞与花药培养及再生植株性状表现研究

Somatic Cell and Anther Culture of Photosensitive Male Sterile Rice and the Expression of Soma/gameto-clones

对8个光敏感雄性不育籼稻杂种一代及其亲本花药培养的研究发现,光敏不育粳稻虽然为雄性不育,但其愈伤组织诱导率与植株再生能力不在一般正常粳稻品种之下,为籼稻“新会粘”的28倍。绝大多数光敏不育之籼粳杂种的花药培养能力也是十分高的。在起源于体细胞及花药的光敏不育水稻之再生植株共1146株试管苗中,发现少数在5月下旬及6月上旬抽穗的已表现为完全雄性不育。这些材料之幼穗的第二枝梗分化时(4月下旬至5月上旬)之日长尚不足13小时,远在农垦58S的临界日长14小时之下。在8个组合的籼粳光敏杂种一代花粉植株中,有的组合完全表现为粳型(组合4及7,表2),有的完全表现为籼型(组合2及6),多数则两者兼有。在全部80个愈伤无性系中,单倍体20个,二倍体58个,多倍体2个。58个二倍体无性系申不育的为20个,占34.5%。其中在晚造短日照条件下能转变为可育的有11个,占二倍体的19%,占二倍体不育的55%。所有光敏不育花粉植株,在早造条件下I-KI之花粉染色率与结实率均为0%,在晚造(9月份之后)条件下,能转换为可育。但不同组合、不同无性系之间育性转换的频率与稳定性差异颇大。

The anthers of hybrid FI between Indica rice and photosensitive male sterile (IJ ps-ms hybrid F1) Japonica rice were cultured. Although photosensitive male sterile Japonica rice (ps-ms) was male sterile, the frequency of callus induction was high as 28 times as the indica parent Xin-hui zhan.Out of the 1146 plants regenerated from anther culture (A1) and somatic cell culture (R1) of ps-ms hybrid F? some expressed complete male sterile even they headed as early as May 20 to June 10. They were W6154 (a indica ps-ms from Hubei Agricultural Academy), T334-3 (Japonica ps-ms × 87R141)F1 A1, T336-2 (ps-ms/Zhenshang 97) F, A1; T33910 (ps-ms/Min R) F1 A1 etc. The critical day length was not long enough as 14 hr. when the secondary branches of these ps-ms rice initiated on 20 April to 10 May in Guangzhou (24N°). This re-solt showed that the ps-ms variety, in which the critical photosensitive period was not as long as the Japonica ps-ms rice, might be possible to be induced by tissue culture.Among the pollen plants of eight combinations of IJ ps-ms hybrid F1, two combinations (combination 2 and 6, Table 2) expressed as Indica rice; Two (combination 4 and 7, Table 2) as Japonica rice and the other both Indica and Japonica. Out of 80 callus clones, 20 were haploid, 58 were diploid and 2 were polyploid. Among the 58 diploid somaclones, 20 were sterile, making up 34-5%. Among the 20 sterile lines, Ⅱ could be transformed into fertile in the condition of autumn day-length (after Sept. 10). The pollen grains in all of the ps-ms-pol-len plants were not stained completely by I-K1 and no seeds were set in the spring season condition.