北冰洋加拿大海盆南缘的管水母类及其分布

THE SIPHONOPHORES AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN SOUTHERN EDGE WATERS OF CANADA BASIN, ARCTIC OCEAN

本文分析了 1 999年夏季我国首次北极科学考察楚科奇海及邻近的北冰洋加拿大海盆南缘海域管水母类的种类组成、丰度和垂直分布。仅在加拿大海盆南缘出现 2种管水母 ,而楚科奇海未发现管水母类。对柔弱五角水母和北极单板水母多营养体期 (无性 )和单营养体期 (有性 )的主要形态特征作了较完整的记述和作图 ,并讨论了它们的形态类型及生态习性。加拿大海盆南缘海域北极单板水母的丰度 (平均 42× 1 0 - 3 个 m3 )大于柔弱五角水母 (2 4× 1 0 - 3 个 m3 )。这 2种管水母均仅出现在水深 1 0 0～ 80 0m ,而且最大丰度也都在 3 0 0— 2 0 0m层 。

The present paper is based on materials collected in Chukchi Sea and adjacent southern edge waters of Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean during the period from July to August 1999 on the icebreaker, the R/V 'Xuelong', by the Chinese First Arctic Scientific Expedition. Totally, 8 species of pelagic Hydromedusae were identified, of which 4 species belonged to Anthomedusae, 2 species to Leptomedusae, 1 species to Trachymedusae and 1 species to Narcomedusae, the Neoturris breviconis is recorded for the first time in Chukchi Sea. Their principal morphological characteristics are described and illustrated. The 8 species of Hydromedusae occurring in the Chukchi Sea were all cold water species, of which 6 species belong to neritic species and 2 species to ocean species. According to the geographic distribution of species, they may be divided into three groups: Arctic species, Arctic-boreal species and Boreal-temperate species. From the view-point of zoogeography, species from these waters belong to the Arctic fauna.The abundance of Hydromedusae in Chukchi Sea was generally low, with a mean value of 108 ind.·10 -2·m -3. Rathkea octopunctata and Aglantha digitale were dominant species. From the view-point of vertical distribution Aglantha digitale is inhabiting in the depth of 0 300 m and with the maximum in the depth of 50 m to 100 m.