云南怒江流域土地资源利用的主要问题及退耕工程探讨

THE DISCUSSION OF THE MAIN PROBLEM OF THE USE OF THE LAND RESOURCE AND THE RETURNING OF CROPLAND PROJECT IN NUJIANG BASIN OF YUNNAN

由于开发历史、地理位置以及自然条件等多种原因的影响 ,云南怒江流域经济发展水平整体偏低 ,土地资源利用存在着一些突出问题 ,如土地利用结构与农业内部结构比例失调 ;人地矛盾日益突出 ;陡坡垦殖、水土流失现象日益严重等。针对这些问题 ,提出 :将海拔在 2 5 0 0m以下、自然生态环境破坏最严重、生态系统最脆弱、坡度大于 2 5°的耕地 ,改农作物种植为经济林经营 (退耕还林模式 ) ;在坡度介于 1 5°～ 2 5°的坡耕地上种植经济林 (农林复合模式 ) ;将部分水利条件差的坡耕地停止种植粮食作物 ,改种牧草 (退耕还草模式 )

Because of the influence in many kinds of reasons, such as exploitation of the history, geographical position and natural conditions, etc , the whole Nujiang basin economic development level in Yunnan is on the low side and some outstanding problems exist in the utility of land resources, such as the proportion imbalance between the use structure of land resource and the inside structure of agriculture, the serious contradiction between human and land, abrupt slope cultivation and water-soil erosion, etc Directed against these problems, three modes of returning of the grain plots are put forward: (1) The returning of cropland to forestry mode,changing crop plant into economic forest on the cropland whose sea level is under 2 500 m, whose ecological environmental disruption is most serious, whose ecosystem is most fragile and whose gradient slope is above 25°; (2) Cropland and forestry compound mode, Planting economic forest on the cropland whose gradient slope is between 15°and 25°; (3) The returning of cropland to grass, Planting graze grass instead of cereal crops on the slope cropland whose irrigation works condition is bad