中国油气藏破坏类型及分布

Destructive Style and Distribution of Oil and Gas Reservoirs in China

综合考虑油气藏破坏的多种因素,结合含油气系统、盆地发展演化特征,基于油气藏形成、演化的构造运动特征,把中国油气藏破坏类型划分为沉积不足、流体冲洗、褶皱变动、油藏抬升、油藏沉降、断裂活动和深部动力破坏型七类,并选择典型油气藏分类型进行剖析。在此基础上将中国油气藏破坏程度归纳为彻底破坏、未彻底破坏和次生油气藏与原生油气藏共存三个层次。并将中国含油气盆地分为东部拉张型、中部克拉通内部坳陷型、西部造山带挤压型三类。通过21个盆地和112个典型油气藏的调查与解剖性研究,归纳出三大类盆地的油气藏破坏特征。西部盆地油气藏破坏类型多样,主要以油气抬升、流体冲洗和断裂活动破坏型为主;中部盆地以油藏抬升破坏型为主,其次是断裂活动破坏型;东部盆地油气藏保存条件好,油气藏破坏以油藏抬升、断裂活动破坏型为主。

Based on comprehensive consideration of all kinds of destructive factors for oil and gas reservoirs, evolutionary characters of petroleum systems and basins, and tectonic characters of formation and evolvement of oil and gas reservoirs, the destructive styles of oil and gas reservoir in China are divided into 7 styles in the paper: sedimentation-deficiency, liquid-washing, fold-alteration, reservoir-uplift, reservoir-subsidence, rupturing and deep-power destruction. The authors analyze some typical oil and gas reservoirs of different styles. Based on this, the destruction of oil basins in China are classified into three grades: completely destructed , incompletely destructed, and coexistence of secondary and primary hydrocarbon reservoirs. In order to account for destructive characters of oil and gas reservoirs in different basins, the authors statistically surveyed 21 basins and analyzed 112 typical oil and gas reservoirs according to three styles of petroleum basins of China: stretching basins in the east, extrusion basins in the west, and intracratonic depressions in the middle. There are numerous destructive styles of reservoirs in the west basins, mainly up-lifting, liquid-washing and rupturing ones. The destructive styles of the middle basins is mainly uplifting and secondarily rupturing. The east basins have favourable preserving conditions of oil reservoirs and are characterized by uplifting and rupturing destructive styles.