湖南农业和农村发展可持续性评价及对策

THE ASSESSMENT AND MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN HUNAN PROVINCE

农业和农村可持续发展 (SARD)是人类社会和国民经济可持续发展的基础。湖南虽为我国农业大省 ,但近年来农业生产出现停滞甚至滑波迹象。从粮食安全、脱贫致富和资源环境持续性三个方面 ,对湖南农业和农村发展可持续性进行评价 ,并提出相应的对策。

Sustainable agricultural and rural development (SARD) is the base of sustainable development of society and economy . Hunan province is an important agricultural area in China, but the agricultural production of Hunan has developed slowly for several years. The sustainability of agricultural and rural development in Hunan Province is assessed from foodstuffs safety, peasant′s income and sustainability of resources and environment. Per capita grain output in the province has recently reached more than 400 kilogram and met the basic needs of people, but not get the target of foodstuffs safety; owing to the reform of rural areas since 1978 rural economy has rapidly developed and peasants income has increased fast, but it has slowed since the late 1980s and the gap between the incomes of rural and urban people has been enlarged again; and because of the population growth and economic development a lot of cultivated land has been abused, natural environment has been damaged, and drought and flood have frequently occurred etc. To those problems, some measures are put forward: 1) carry on active propaganda and education for sustainable development; 2) depend on science and technology progress; 3) make rational use of agricultural natural resources and improve ecological environment to realize good recycle of agriculture; 4) strengthen agricultural infrastructure construction.