1939年苏联对外政策转变的再认识

Reconsideration of the Changes in the Soviet Foreign Policy in 1939

１９３９年初德国灭亡捷克和波兰危机爆发后,欧洲局势急剧紧张,苏联的安全观同以往有了很大的区别,不再是缔结一般意义的互助条约,而是要取得对周边邻国的控制权。英法虽有联苏抗德的意向,但无意把东欧的利益交给苏联。而德国为了实现其战略计划,愿意满足苏联的安全利益。苏联领导人权衡利弊,决定把对外政策的重心转向德国。从本质上讲,苏联外交政策的转变是苏联的安全政策和德国的战争政策出现的暂时的接合部。

While the crisis of the destruction of Czechoslovakia and Poland by Germany turned the situation in Europe to the boiling point, the Soviet Union made a great change in its policy of security , preferring the right of control over its neighboring countries to an ordinary pact of mutual assistance . Though Britain and France wanted to form an anti-German coalition with the Soviet Union, they had no intention to transfer their interests of Eastern Europe to it. In the meantime Germany was ready to meet the Soviet demands of security so as to achieve its own strategic goals. Weighing the pros and cons of two alternatives, the Soviet leaders decided to shift the emphasis of foreign policy to Germany. In the final analysis the Soviet Union' s change in its foreign policy was a temporary meeting point between the Soviet policy of security and the German policy of war.