沈从文美学观念中的“超人”意识

On Shen Congwen's Consciousness of "Superman" in his Sense of Aesthetics

１９４０年前后,沈从文的诗歌、小说、散文和文论作品,明显地表现出一种“超人”意识。尤其是他的文论,不仅在语言表达上带有尼采、叔本华直觉感悟式的哲理意味,而且在思想内容上也可以听到尼采、叔本华的有关“审美愉悦”的回响。在对现代都市文明的批判上,沈从文又跟卢梭、康德有些接近,但西方哲人是站在哲学的角度对文学的“玄思”,沈从文是站在艺术家的立场对文学的哲理阐释。

Around 1940, there was clear consciousness of ' superman' in Shen Congwen s poems, fiction, prose and literary reviews. Especially in his literary reviews, we can not only feel the Nietzschean and Schopenhauerian philosophy of 'intuition sensation' in his language form, but also hear the echo of the Nietzschean and Schopenhauerian 'aesthetic delight . Shen s critique of metropolitan civilization was similar to Rousseau's and Kant's. While Western philosophers were meditating over literature from philosophical perspectives, Shen was trying to give a philosophic illustration of literature from an artistic stand.