韦伯理性官僚制范畴的再认识

Rethinking of Weber's Theory of Rational Bureaucracy

以官僚制原理为基础的传统公共行政模式被认为正被一种以管理为取向的新典范所取代 ,韦伯关于官僚制的经典分析也日益受到批评和怀疑。批评者从官僚制组织低效率和功能失调的现实出发 ,指责韦伯官僚制理论违反经验事实。文章认为 ,批评者以“效率”替代了韦伯理性官僚制理论中“理性”这一中心概念 ,需要新审视这些批评及其结论。韦伯理性官僚制概念的意义不在于提供对现象的细节描述 ,而在于其作为分析工具的价值。

As the traditional model of public administration which is charactered by bureaucratic principle substituting for a new managerial-orintated paradigm, Weber's analysis of bureaucracy is encountering more and more suspection and criticism. Based on the unefficiency and dysfunction intrinsict from bureaucratic organizations, the common critics state that Weber's theory of bureaucracy is object to the real experiences. However, the present article argues that most of the critics misplace the rationality, the key concept to Weber's theory of rational bureaucracy, with the concept efficiency, which makes the following effort necessary to review those criticism and the conclusions from them. The author claims that the sygnificance of Weber's concept on rational bureaucracy does not lie in the detailed discription of phenominon but in its value as an analysis tool.