中国古典美学与避暑山庄

Chinese Classical Aesthetics and the Arts of Gardening of the Summer Palace in Chengde City

中国园林的发展演变,经历了由大变小的过程,这也是“自然天成” 的美学原则形成的过程。到了清代追求质朴自然成为时尚。康熙乾隆构建避暑山庄的万树园时,运用了因势造园的法则。在处理万树园与周围景观关系时,运用了虚实相生和自然过渡的方法,构筑了一幅天然的画图。

In the process of the development of Chinese gardening there have been the changes from big sizesto small sizes, which is virtually a process of forming the aesthetic principle of 'natural beauty'. In the timesof Qing Dynasty this taste of keeping gardens in a simple and natural way became a fashion. When EmperorKang xi and Emperor Qian long respectively constructed the Wanshuyuan Garden in the Summer Palace of Che-ngde, the principle of 'taking advantage of the natural geographic conditions' in building up the garden wasapplied. In dealing with the relations between Wanshuyuan Garden and its surrounding scenery a method ofmutual support of 'being hollow and being solid' was used to achieve the natural harmony, thus a natural scen-ery picture was naturally drawn.