原始回归与人性超越——从《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》看陀思妥耶夫斯基对人的理解和对人性的超越

Originality Backdate and Humanity Transcend:Dostoevskys Interpretation of Human Beings and Humanity Transcend

陀思妥耶夫斯基一生都致力于研究人。他认为人性具有两极:一极指向原始性的回归,一极指向创造性的发展。在《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中,他形象地将人分为四类:在原始回归之路上疯狂、在双重人格中异化、在创造性发展中涅 、在神性关照下超越。在他看来,疯狂与异化的根源在于信仰的虚无与上帝的缺席导致了恶的本能的回归与膨胀。他认为人性的超越必须建立在神性关照的基础上,而神性关照的前提是人性在创造性的发展中涅 。

Dostoevsky devotes all his life to the studies of human beings. He holds that humanity goes to two extremes, one of which goes back to its originality, the other of which goes forward to creativity. In his work The Brothers Karamazov, Dostoevsky divides human beings into four types-, insanity on the way back to originality; dissimilation in human two - sided personality; nirvana in creative de-velopment; transcend under deity concern. In his eyes, craziness and dissimilation come from va-cancy of belief and absence of God, which leads to backdate of evil and expansion. He further dis-cusses that humanity transcend should be based on deity concern and the latter should be based on nirvana of creative development.