《马氏文通》的语值研究

On pragmatic value of Ma Shi Wen Tong

归纳了《马氏文通》对语值零碎的、不自觉的研究 ,认为这种研究主要体现在四个方面 :一、对有无“之”字造成节律差异的比较 ,体现了马氏对节律值的考察 ;二、对指名代字“是”和“此”、传信助字“也”和“矣”、助读的“也”和“者”等语用差异的比较 ,体现了马氏对表义值的考察 ;三、对转词介以“以”字位置前后造成句意自足与不自足的比较 ,体现了马氏对语义联结值的考察 ;四、对“也”字助实字与否造成句子新旧信息差异的比较 。

This paper sums up Ma Shi Wen Tong′s fragmentary and unconscious study of the pragmatic value which is represented in four ways: 1) The contrast of the rhythmic difference due to the presence and absence of 'Zhi' reflects Ma Shi′s study of rhythmic value; 2) The contrast of the pragmatic differences between the pronouns 'Shi' and 'Ci', the affirmative model particles 'Ye' and 'Yi', 'Ye' and 'Zhe' embodies the study of the value of meaning representation by Ma Shi; 3) The comparison of self sufficiency and no self sufficiency because of the front and back positions of the preposition 'Yi'shows the study of meaning connective value by Ma Shi; 4) The contrast of the difference whether 'Ye' assisting the notional word causes the new and old information of a sentence incarnates Ma Shi study of information transmission value.