甘薯根腐病抗性在不同环境条件下的表现及遗传趋势

Behaviors of sweetpotato resistance to root rot in the different environmental conditions and its inheritance

结果表明,甘薯根腐病发病轻重与环境条件有很大关系,表现为干旱少雨的年份发病较重,降雨量较多的年份发病较轻;土壤瘠薄的发病较重,肥力条件较好的则发病较轻;通常情况下,年份间品种的抗性表现较为一致,但遇特殊气候则年份间品种的抗性有一定的差异。对1150份甘薯品种资源及育种材料的根腐病抗性鉴定结果表明,高抗型材料占14.6％,抗病型占15.7％,感病型占26.0％,高感型占43.7％。对754份材料及亲本的抗性分析表明,不同的抗性组合后代中均可分离出高抗至高感类型的材料,杂交后代的抗性强弱随双亲抗性水平的提高而提高。中国自1970年以来采用品种间杂交和种间杂交育种技术,先后育成了一批高产、优质的高抗型优良品种。

The results of experiments indicated the behaviors of sweetpotato resistance to root rot were greatly affected by the environmental conditions. Root rot disease on sweetpotato occurred in drought years or in barren fields more seriously than in rainy years or in fertile fields. There were no significant differences for the behaviors of sweetpotato resistance to root rot between the normal years except the special years. The behaviors of most variety resistance to root rot were consistent in the different locations. Total 1150 accessions had been identified for resistance to root rot from 1983 to 1989. Results demonstrated that about 14.6% of varieties or lines were highly resistant, 15.7% resistant, 26.0% susceptible and 43.7% were highly susceptible. The inheritance analyses of resistance of 754 lines showed that resistant plants could be obtained from the progeny of any parental combinations, however, the higher parental resistance was, the more percentage of resistant plants in their progeny was. A lot of varieties with high resistance, high yield and good quality have developed in China since 1970's.