刘邦从匈奴包围圈中脱出的必然与偶然因素

On The Inevitability and Accidental of Liu Bang's Escape from the Surrounding

针对此前流行的、认为公元前 2 0 0年刘邦之得以从白登脱围 ,是因为匈奴主动撤开一角的说法 ,本文从纵、横两个方向比较了刘邦的另外几次从危难之中脱离险境的事件 ,总结出刘邦每次被围时 ,他一定要设法脱险的必然心态和规律性的脱险方法。结合当时匈奴的社会状况及其风俗习惯 ,经过综合分析 ,得出并不是匈奴主动解围 ,而是刘邦采用陈平之计 ,“间使、厚遗阏氏”从而拖延了时间 ,松弛了匈奴的警戒 ,并营造出一部分围骑逐渐“引去”、汉人使者“往来”行走、匈奴“不觉”可疑、习以为常的局面 ,又乘偶然的“时天大雾”的天赐良机 ,以汉军使者的模样 。

By contrast and comparison, this paper points out every time Liu Bang was surrounded by Xungnu, be would try his best to escape, and his escape method was summarised. In particular it concludes that Liu Bang managed to escape successfully from Bai Deng in 200 BC, because he disguised as a Han messenger, and sneaked away from Xungnu's surrounding on foggy day. Thus it testifies the inaccuracy of the view that Liu Bang escaped because Xungnu left space for him held by some scholars.