再论“一边倒”外交政策的历史成因

A Fresh Look at the Historical Causesof the One-side Diplomatic Policy

“一边倒”外交政策的形成有着深刻的历史渊源 :它是美苏冷战、世界分裂成两大对立阵营的国际大背景下的产物 ,是中共对解放战争时期美国坚持扶蒋反共和敌视中国革命的对华政策所作出的必然回应 ,也是中共全面总结近代中外关系所得出的必然结论。但这决不意味着仅仅是由于意识形态方面的原因 ,更重要的是中共对中华民族最高利益和新中国经济建设的现实考虑。但“一边倒”外交政策毕竟是特定历史条件下的产物 ,有其自身难以克服的局限性。因而随着时间的推移 ,新中国从 5 0年代起就逐渐改变了“一边倒”的外交政策 ,积极提倡各国人民在五项原则基础上实行和平共处 ,最终摆脱了美苏两极的制约和影响 ,成为独立于美苏之外的一支重要力量而活跃在风云变幻的国际舞台上。

The shaping of the diplomatic policy,one-side',can be traced back to the dramatic changes of history.It came into being firstly with the international backdrop of the cold war between USA and the Soviet Union,and of the world splitting into two mutually opposing camps.Secondly,it is an inevitable response of the Chinese Communist Party to the American policy which,during the Chinese Civil War,remained hostile to the Chinese revolution and kept helping the Kuomindang headed by Chang Kai-shek,against the Communist Party.And finally it is also the predicable outcome of the summation made by the Party of the Sino-foreign relationship during the modern times.Nevertheless,the formation of the policy is not only due to the considerations as to the ideological elements,but also to the Party's sober concern about the utmost interest of China and the economic construction of the new nation.However,since the foreign policy of one-side'was born out of particular historical situations,there are limitations it can not transcend on its own.Therefore with the passage of time,the new China started to adjust its foreign policy from as early as 1950s.It vigorously called for people from all nations to peacefully coexist on the ground of Five Principles,and extricate themselves from the restraint and influence from the two polars of USA and the Soviet Union,so that these nations can play an active role,as an important team independent from the two superpowers,on the melodramatic international stage.