论《山海经》中的神灵复活机制

On the Revival Mechanism for Deities in Shan Hai Jing

《山海经》中所载大批畸形之“尸” ,并非一般“尸体” ,当为复活后生气勃发的“尸神”。尸神复活的基本条件是巫术。巫为人神中介 ,通过施展神秘巫术 ,使尸神变形复活。正是基于原始巫术 ,形成尸神复活内在机制 :祖灵观念的传承、生死意识的变革、尸祭制度的推动与阴阳哲学的潜化。

Large numbers of deformed'corpses'depicted in Shan Hai Jing,are not at all'dead bodies'in the usual sense.but should be the'divitities of the dead'burning with vitality after their coming back to life.The basic condition of the revival of'divilities of the dead'is through witchcraft.Witch is something intermediary between human beings and deities.It is by carrying out the mystery witchcraft that'divilities of the dead'are caused to change their form and then come back to life.Also,it is just on the basis of this sort of primitive sorcery that the inherent revival mechanism for divilities of the dead comes into existence,a mechanism which consists of transmission and inheritance of the idea of ancesters-souls,change in consciousness of life and death,promotion of the rules of holding a ceremony for offering a sacrifice to the dead body,and potentialization of the philosophy of yin(negative)and yang(positive).