应然与实然之辨——理性主义和经验主义

A Debate on the Rational Evolution vs. Rational Construction——Concurrently on Rationalism and Empiricism

英美的经验主义传统和法德的理性主义传统的不同 ,造成了事实与价值及由此产生的政治制度、秩序的不同、民主及其实现形式和结果的差异。这给我们重要启示 :不能将应然与实然、事实与价值混同起来 ,不能用理想取代现实。

The difference between traditional rationalism in Britain and the U.S. and traditional empiricism in France and Germany lead to that of facts and value, thereby bringing to the differentials of political system and order as well as that of democracy and its forms and results, from which we can gain important inspirations, i.e., avoiding confusion of facts and value, rational evolution and construction, replacing facts with ideas.