什么知识最有价值?——当代中国幼儿教育主流知识观的嬗变

What Knowledge Is of Most Worth?——Introduction to the Main Views of Knowledge on Early Child Education in China

建国以来 ,我国幼儿教育领域先后出现了三种主流知识观 :一是理性主义知识观 ,以唯理论为哲学基础 ,强调知识体系的传授 ,作为幼儿教育的传统知识观至今仍然具有影响力 ;二是经验主义知识观 ,以经验论为哲学基础 ,主张通过观察、实践从大自然、大社会中归纳知识 ,自 2 0世纪 80年代初兴起 ,现已处于“自我消失”的边缘 ;三是建构主义知识观 ,强调知识不是教师外部的传授 ,而是儿童主动建构的 ,起源于皮亚杰的活动建构观 ,近两年来受到意大利瑞吉欧方案教学的影响 ,体现了社会交往建构观、个人化知识、后现代知识建构观等不断丰富的建构主义知识观的核心精神 ,对幼教改革的深入起着举足轻重的作用。

This thesis presents three main views of knowledge on early child education and their influence in China since 1949. The rational view of knowledge, which with rationalism as its philosophic basis, emphasizes the imparting of the systematic knowledge, has been showing its effect on child education in China as the traditional view of knowledge. The empiric view of knowledge, which, based on empiricism, maintains that the child's knowledge acquisition derives from his/her experience-observation and practice in nature or society, made its influence felt in the early 1980s but is now on the verge of self-withering.Originating from Piaget's activity- constructed view of knowledge and having been influenced by project work of Reggio in Italy these two years, this approach is now progressively enriched by the spirit embodied in society-interacted constructive view of knowledge, personalized knowledge, post-modern constructive view of knowledge and so on.