晚清筹边改省奏议与治边政策概论

An Overview of the Extablishment of Provinces and Policy Towards Borderlands During Late Qing Dynasty

近代以来 ,随着清帝国的衰败和西方列强的入侵 ,中国边疆地区普遍出现危机 ,边疆问题越来越引起国人的关注。从近代早期的龚自珍、魏源等著名士人到后来的左宗棠、岑春煊、赵尔巽、张荫棠、徐世昌等廷臣疆吏 ,在不同的时期和不同的背景下 ,提出了筹边改制的种种设想和主张 ,对清朝政府改变传统治边政策产生了直接的影响。各方人士关于筹边改制的具体意见虽不尽相同 ,但有一个共同的观点 ,即主张废除边疆地区“因俗而治”的多元化管理体制 ,通过建立行省 ,使边疆与内地“联为一体”。

Since the mid-nineteenth century, along with the decline of the Qing Dynasty and the invasion of Western Powers, widespread crisis appeared in China's borderland, and the public attention focused on the situation of borderland. From 1820s to the early years of 20th century, a variety of suggestions and memorials were presented by intellectuals, governors of the border provinces, and other senior officials, which were the major information sources and bases for the Qing government to plan a provincial reform for borderland. As far as reforming borderland's system is concerned, in spite of the particular emphases that had been laid in their opinions and suggestions, they held one point in common, i.e. they all stood for a thorough change of borderland's old system. The traditional system of the borderland should be abolished. Prefectures, counties and provinces should be set up to unite borderland and the inland into a single part.