企业产权研究的新视角——直接产权与间接产权

A New Visual Angle of Study on Property Rights of an Enterprise——Direct and Indirect Property Rights

本文从企业存在的两种形态 :物质形态和价值形态出发 ,将企业的产权划分为直接产权与间接产权 ,二者分别又有物质与价值之分。直接产权的主体是经营管理者和投资者 ,直接产权由于其产权主体所拥有的和企业所必需的特殊资源———企业家才能和资本直接地参与了企业财富的创造过程而具有充分的排他性和独立性 ;间接产权包括个体间接产权和国家间接产权 ,它们的主体分别是企业内部的职工和政府 ,间接产权由于其产权主体占有的特殊资源 ,劳动力和环境间接地、被动地参与了企业财富的创造过程而具有高度的依附性和有限的排他性。产权的内容、对象、实现方式等决定了其主体在企业治理机制中的作用和地位 ,产权之间的统一与分离状况决定了企业的制度模式。

Starting form the two forms of enterprise existence: the physical from and value form, the paper divides the enterprise property rights into direct property rights and indirect property rights, which, in turn, can be respectively divided into physical and value forms. The subject of direct property right is the management and the investors. Just because the direct property rights is a special resource essential to an enterprise and owned only by the body of property rights, entrepreneur and capital can directly take part in the process of creating fortune for the enterprise, therefore, it is completely exclusive and independent; while indirect property rights includes individual indirect property rights and state indirect property rights, whose body is respectively the employees of the enterprise and the government. Since the indirect property rights is a special resource possessed by the property right body, labor force and environment indirectly and passively take part in the process of creating fortune for the enterprise, hence it is limitedly exclusive and hightly dependent. The contents, object and means of realization of property rights decide the function and position of its body in the mechanisms of governance of the enterprise, while unification and separation of property rights decide the system model of an enterprise.