论孟子的人学思想

On Mencius'Human Learning

先秦儒学以“仁”为核心 ,“仁学”即“人学”,是研究人的学问。孟子以人的社会道德属性来界说人的本质 ,他认为人生而具有恻隐、羞恶、辞让、是非这四种善良之心 ,这也是仁、义、理、智四种基本道德的萌芽 ,孟子以此来区分人与禽兽 ;在处理人与人的关系方面 ,孟子提出“仁也者 ,人也”,认为“仁”就是以“人”来对待人 ,即“爱人”、“敬人”;在理想人格的追求方面 ,孟子提出“富贵不能淫 ,贫贱不能移 ,威武不能屈”,对后世产生了重大影响 ;孟子还提出“人皆可以为尧舜”的观点 ,表现了儒家自强不息、奋发图强的进取精神。

The Confucian school before the Qin dynasty took 'kindness'as the core,'kindness learning'is also 'humanity learning',which is the learning to study people,Mencius explained man's mature with man's social moral property,he considered that man was born with the kind hearts of compassion,sense of shame,politely declining and right and wrong,which are also the bud of the our cardinal virtues:humanity,justice,property and wisdom.With this Mencius differentiated man from beast.In respect of handling the interpersonal relation,Mencius put forward'Humanity refers to man'.He considered'humanity means to treat man with man,i.e.'to love people,respect people';in respect to following after ideal moral quality,he putforward'As a man,he should not be corrupted b riches and honors,nor shaken by poverty,or yielded by force.'which has much affected the following people.He also put forawrd'Everyone can do good deeds as Emperors Yao and Shun,which displays the enterprising spirit of striving unceasingly to be strong of Confucian school.