国际贸易和直接投资:基于产业经济学的分析

International Trade and FDI: An Analysis Based on Industrial Economics

传统的国际贸易和投资理论习惯于从国家级的宏观水平上,对一个国家的总体贸易流和投资活动作出解释。产业经济学对贸易流和投资的分析却有自己的传统,其特点是在产业级的微观水平上进行分析。在经济全球化条件下,产业经济学国际化研究的一个重要的主题是揭示来自外国的竞争对本国市场绩效的影响和作用机制,主要利用产业层面的模型去揭示市场结构对进出口和外国直接投资的影响。这种方法把市场结构的构成要素(规模经济、产品差异度、交易成本等)作为决定贸易流和外国直接投资的动力机制。在ＷＴＯ的规则下,这种产业经济学国际化的研究对指导中国的对外开放实践和国内竞争政策的制订具有重要的理论和现实意义。

The traditional theory of international trade and investment often explains a country's aggregate trade flow and investment on the macro, national level. However, drawing on their own traditions, industrial economists' analyses of trade flow and investment have more often been at the micro, industrial level. Under the conditions of economic globalization, an important topic of internationalizing industrial economics is to explore the impact of overseas competition on the effectiveness of the domestic market, and to reveal the impact of the market structure on import & export and FDI by using the model of the industrial level. With the regulations of the WTO, studies in the internationalization of industrial economics will be of theoretical and practical importance to China' s practice of opening to the outside world and the establishment of the policies concerning domestic competition.