新闻采访制度化的历史进程及原因

Institutionalization of News Interview and Its Causes

真正的新闻采访最早出现在18世纪中期的美国,几十年后,欧洲和中国的新闻界都开始把采访活动引入新闻实践。到20世纪初,采访活动已经成为了新闻界的一种制度和规范;采访制度化有深刻的经济、政治、文化原因;自由主义经济的进一步发展以及报业资本的增长是采访出现和发展的必要条件和物质基础;政治民主化运动是采访制度化的主要推动力;文化环境的改变也在采访制度化的进程中扮演了重要角色。

Real news interview emerged in the middle of 19th century in the United States. After a few decades, newspapers in China and Europe began to accept interview practice. Interview eventually evolved into an institution in early 20th century; economic, political and cultural factors has motivated the institutionalization of interview; the development of free market, the growth of journalism capital, democratic movement and culture changes are the major causes of institutionalization and standardization of interview.