北京小型湖泊底栖无脊椎动物群落结构特征与营养状况的研究

Community structure of macroinvertebrates and trophic level of several small lakes in Beijing city.

1987年间逐月调查分析了北京6个小型湖泊底栖无脊椎动物群落结构特征。通过指示种、优势种、种类、数量、生物量、Shannon多样性指数及其与水质的关系分析,前3个湖相当于中营养湖泊,后3个湖相当于中-富营养湖泊。梨形环稜螺(Bellamya purificata)和粗腹摇蚊幼虫(Pelopia sp.)可作为北京6个小湖环境质量的指标生物,前者指示水质较好,后者指示水质较差。Shannon多样性指数值(H′)与湖水BOD、COD、TP、TN含量之间关系比较密切,用该指数并参考指示生物特征评价此类型浅水小湖营养状况是可行的。

The characteristics of species, abundance and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates of 6 small connected lakes in Beijing city were investigated from January to December in 1987. The results indicate that mollusca, oligochaete and chironomid larvae are dominant groups of macroinvertebrates in the first 3 lakes, and in the other 3 ones, there are oligochaete and chironomid larvae only. Among them, Bellamya putificata only occur in the first 3 lakes, and Pelopia sp. larvae in the other 3 ones. The Shannon species diversity indices (H') show the simitar tendency. It shows that the first 3 lakes belong to mesotrophic, and the other 3 ones to meso-eutrophic. The Shannon species diversity indices(H') are well corretated with concentrations of BOD, COD, TP and TN in the water. It is possible to evaluate shallow lake trophic level, using diversity index(H') combined with species indicator of macroinvertebrates.