3Ikujiro Nonaka & Hirotaka Takeuchi: The Knowledge- Creating Company, New York: Oxford University Press[M], 1995.
4Nonaka& Konno: The Concept of "Ba":Building a Foun- dation for Knowledge Creation, California Management Re- view[J], Vol40, 1998(3)
5Spender,J.C.(1996b)." Making Knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm" . Strategic Management Journal [J],17(Winter Special Issue)
6Spender,J.C.(1996a)." Organizational knowledge, Learning and memory: three concepts in search of a theory" ,Journal of Organizational Change Management[J],Vol.9,No.1
7Spender,J.C.(1996c)." Competitive advantage from tacit knowledge? Unpacking the concept and its strategic impli- cations" in Moingeon,B.and Edmondson, A. (Eds),Orga- nizational Learning and Competitive Advantage, London: Sage.
8Stein,E.W.(1995)," Organizational memory: review of concepts and recommendations for management" ,International Journal of Information Management[J],Vol.15,No.2