模拟300米氦氮氧饱和潜水人员的营养研究

STUDY OF NUTRITION IN DIVERS DURING He-N_2-O_2 SIMULATED SATURATION DIVING AT THE DEPTH OF 300M

四名男性健康潜水员,在模拟300米氦氮氧饱和潜水舱内居住21天,在300米停留7天,在舱内每人每日热能供应拟订20928kJ(5000kcal),饮食为二日四餐选食制,并于进舱前(加压前)3个月和舱内(加压或高压暴露期)供应市售九合维生素,每日2丸(每丸含量:VA2500IU、VB_12mg、VB_21mg、VB_61mg、VC35mg、VD_2200IU、VE1mg、VPP10mg、D-泛酸钙2mg)。采用膳食调查,测量体重等方法,其结果是在舱内(加压或高压暴露期)摄入食物总量略低于进舱前(加压前)而明显高于出舱后(常压)。潜水员喜食高碳水化物,高蛋白、低脂肪和富含维生素等食物,喜食瓜果、饮料,对脂肪类食物食欲降低。体重较国内外所报导的仅略有降低。建议在大深度饱和潜水作业时可试行选食制,并给予复合维生素制剂,补充膳食中维生素的不足。

In the experiment, 4 male healthy divers were exposed in the He-N2-O2 saturation diving chamber for 21 days and stayed continuously at the depth of 300m for 7 days. Four meals were supplied daily during the exposure to high pressure. Three months prior to and during the period of exposure to high pressure, 2 pills of 9 vitamins compound were given to each diver per day, (a pill contained:YA 2500 IU, VB1 2mg, VB2 Img, VB6 1mg, VC 35 mg, VD2 200 IU, VE 1mg, nicotinamide 10 mg, D-calcium pantothenate 2 mg) and dietary survey, weight measurement and vitamins excretion test were performed. The result showed that the intake of food and calorie were much higher than that prior to and after decompression. The divers were found of the foods with high protein, high carbohydrate, low fat, and full of vitamins, but detested high fat food during exposure to high pressure. Their weights were slightly decreased as compared with those in other experiments reported at home and abroad. Thus the author suggests that free choice of food and a tablet of vitamin compound would be recommended in order to meet the divers' need.