350米氦-氧模拟饱和潜水条件下潜水员营养保障研究

NUTRITION STUDIES DURING A HE-0 SIMULATED SATURATION DIVING TO 350 M

4名潜水员在高压舱内进行了氦-氧饱和潜水实验。潜水深度为350m,巡回潜水深度为374m。潜水员随意摄食及饮水并食用强化维生素食品。加压后蛋白质、脂肪摄入量减少,减压开始食物摄入量逐渐下降,但能量与蛋白质等摄入量能满足消耗需要。加压前及减至常压后,潜水员的体重、体脂、上臂肌围、血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、游离氨基酸、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白、钙、镁、铁、铜、锌等含量皆无显著性差异,在高压条件下尿氮排出量逐渐下降,而占摄入氮的比例有增加的趋势。高压暴露后血清钠含量增加,血清钾含量减少,但皆在正常范围内。24小时尿中矿物质排出量除钾排出量逐渐减少外,未见有明显的变化。维生素负荷实验4小时尿中各维生素平均排出量均为正常水平。但在高压环境中,有受试者曾出现4-吡哆酸,核黄素排出量为不足水平,硫胺素排出量为不足水平边缘。在增加了维生素供给量后,4人维生素排出量皆为正常或充裕水平。4名潜水员在加压前、后皆无营养缺乏体征。以上结果表明,在350米氦-氧模拟饱和潜水期间,潜水员营养状况良好,营养保障是成功的。

Nutritional status of 4 divers was studied during a He-O2 simulated saturation divimg (dive to 350 m, excursion to 374 m). Divers had a free choice for water and a set menu that contained high calorie, protien and vitamins, and were supplied with vitamin-supplement food. Under the condition of hyperbaric environment the intakes of protein and lipid were lowered as compared to the pre-dive values. In the period of decompression all the intakes of nutrients were gradually decreased, but the intakes of energy and protein were sufficient for consumption. No significant changes were noted in body weight, body fat and in the serum for protein, albumin, free amino acid, EAA/NEAA, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and Fe between pre-dive and post-dive. The urinary nitrogen excretion in hyperbaric environment was gradually reduced, but the ratio of urine nitrogen to nitrogen intake tended to increase. After the hyperbaric exposure it was also found that. 1) serum Na increased and serum K decreased, but the values were within the normal range. 2) the excretion of 24-h urinary minerals showed no significant changes, except reduction in K excretion; 3) the average excretion of various vitamins in 4-h urine was normal after the vitamin load test, except decreased urinary excretion of thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B6 in some divers; 4) all the divers failed to show any signs of deficiency disease. Thus, the studies indicate that the nutritional status of the divers is in good condition, and the nutritional supply is sufficient and effective.