芭蕾舞学员营养摄入与能量代谢研究

DIETARY NUTRIENT INTAKE AND ENERGY METABOLISM IN BALLET STUDENTS

于1986年12月和1987年5月对上海市舞蹈学校芭蕾舞科毕业班17名学生(男8,女9)进行了膳食调查,尿负荷试验、头发中元素含量测定,总能量消耗、基础代谢、安静时代谢、芭蕾舞各种基本动作的能量消耗测定。全天摄取能量男为15710kJ,女为10123kJ;而总能量消耗男为15639kJ,女为12639kJ;基础代谢男女分别为每分钟2.91kJ/m^2和2.64kJ/m^2;安静时代谢男女分别为每分钟3.47kJ/m^2和3.14kJ/m^2。各种舞蹈动作能量消耗均以大跳为最大,每分钟男女各为43.39kJ/m^2和42.76kJ/m^2;控制(中间)能量消耗最小,每分钟男女分别为15.56kJ/m^2和11.92kJ/m^2。根据能量代谢结果,发现能量摄入不足,尤以女生更甚。蛋白质和碳水化物摄入量偏低,脂肪摄入量过高。钙、维生素A、B_2男女生均低,女生维生素B_1不足。三餐热量分配及膳食结构不合理。尿负荷试验发现维生素B_1营养缺乏和不足者53.3％,营养不足者维生素B_246.6％,维生素C13.3％;与膳食调查结果基本吻合。血红蛋白水平,男生仅一人≥130g/L,女生<110g/L者高达78％～88％。头发中元素水平除Cu,Ti和Pb外均高于某些学者的报导。

A study on dietary survey, urinal load test and mineral measurement for hair of graduated students of ballet dancing was conducted in Shanghai Dancing School at December 1986 and May 1987. Analyses of a 24h dietary nutrient intake, vitamins in urine, elements in hair, 24h total energy consumption, basic metabolism, resting metabolism and energy consumption during different ballet dancing activities were made in the ballet graduates of the Shanghai Dancing School. The mean of total caloric intake, energy metabolism rate were 15709.6kJ/day, 15639kJ/day, 2.91kJ/m2 per minute, 3.47kJ/m2 per minute in the male and 10122.8kJ/day, 12639 kJ/day, 2.64kJ/m2 per minute, 3.14 kJ/m2 per minute in the female respectively. Analyses of different dancing activities showed that the greatest energy consumption was in the grand assable, 43.39 kJ/m2 per minute in the male and 42.76 kJ/m2 per minute in the female, whereas the least energy consumption was in the adagio (middle), 15.56 kJ/m2 per minute in the male and 11.92 kJ/mz per minute in the female. According to energy metabolism results, the total amount of caloric intake lower than that of energy consumption, especially in female students. It suggests that low level in protein and carbohydrate intake by the general public from the present level of about 14 and 60 percent of caloric intake, and high level in fat from the present level of lower than 30 percent of total caloric intake. The calorie of three meals distribution and food composition of the dietary each day are unadequate. The nutritious state of calcium and vitamin A, B1, B2 are less than normal level.We found that the thiamin, riboflavin and ascorbic acid are deficient by urine load test. The ra ios are 53.3, 46.6, and 13.3 percent respectively.The hemoglobin level is lower than normal standard, for female students about 78-88% less than 110g/l. There is only one male student on the normal level over 130g/l. The minerals level are higher than other reports with exception of Cu, Ti, and Pb.