福建平潭岛海域游泳生物生态和资源保护

The resources protection and ecology of necton in the waters of Pingtan Island, Fujian Province

1990年4个季度月调查,平潭岛海域有游泳生物88种,其中鱼类62种,甲壳类22种,头足类4种。鱼类区系属于印度-西太平洋的中国-日本亚区。种类数的季节分布呈秋季>夏季>冬季>春季。生物量和密度的优势种均为龙头鱼和带鱼。生物量的季节分布呈冬季>秋季>夏季>春季,密度呈夏季>春季>冬季>秋季。平均月生物量和密度岛北部海域分别是岛南部海域的2.55倍和1.32倍。本文分析了种类组成与环境的关系,并提出了渔业资源保护的建议:(1)保护幼鱼的索饵场和生殖群体的产卵场;(2)适当延长伏季休渔期;(3)定置网的最适捕捞力量估算为12912张。

An investigation was conducted during May,Aug.,Oct., 1990 and Jan.1991 and necton samples were collected from the waters of Pingtan Island by trawler. The results showed that there are 88 species necton in the waters, among them ,fish 62 species, crustacean 22 species, cephalopoda 4 species, and that the fish fauna belongs to the sub-fauna of China-Japan of the Indian-Pacific Ocean .The seasonal distribution of species were Autumn > Summer=Winter > Spring. The dominant species of biomass and density were Harpodon nehereus(Hamiltom-Buchanan) and Trichiurus haumela(Forskal). The seasonal distribution of biomass were Winter > Autumn > Summer > Spring, and the density were Summer > Spring > Winter > Autumn. The monthly mean biomass and density were 248.10 kg/km2 and 32496 ind/km2 respectively, which in northern waters of Pingtan Island were respectively 2.55 times and 1.32 times, of those in southern waters of the Island. This paper analysed the relationship between the composition of species and environment. The idea of fisheries resources protection were put forward: (l)The feeding ground of young fish and the spawning place of spawning stock will be protected.(2)The hot season fishing off period will be properly prolonged.(3)The optimum fishing effort of fixed net is 12912 nets.