我国鲜食葡萄育种的种质基础与种质创新

Germplasm Background of the Grape Varieties Bred in China and Its Innovation

对我国所育成的48个鲜食葡萄品种(系)的种质基础和种质利用模式进行了分析,结果表明,玫瑰香、葡萄园皇后、莎巴珍珠、巨峰、无核白、无核紫等是作为亲本利用较多的葡萄种质;玫瑰香×莎巴珍珠、玫瑰香×京早晶、葡萄园皇后×无核紫、沈阳玫瑰×巨峰等有性杂交组合及巨峰系四倍体品种的实生选种为葡萄种质的主要利用模式。尽管我国自行培育的很多鲜食葡萄品种在生产中发挥了巨大作用,但我国葡萄育种的遗传基础相对狭窄,葡萄种质利用的模式较为单一。对葡萄种质的扩增、改良和创新是当务之急。

The development course of grape varieties in China, the genetic basis of the varieties that bred in China, are analyzed in this paper. Results show that the germplasm base of grape varieties in China was involved in Muscat Hamburg, Queen of vineyard, Pearl of Csaba, Khoyo, Thompson Seedless and Black Monukka, which were used widely in grape breeding. The main heterotic patterns used in grape breeding were Muscat HamburgxPearl of Csaba, Muscat HamburgxJingzao-jing, ShenyangmeiguixKyoho, Queen of vineyardxMonukka and seedling selection from Kyoho and its family' s other varieties. Whereas the germplasm base of grape breeding in China is still narrow, the germplasm enhancement, improvement, and development should be emphasized.