用海藻细胞工程技术,发展我国的海水养殖业

Developing the Aquaculture of China Using Marine Algae Cytotechnology

海带、裙带菜和紫菜是我国海藻养殖的支柱产业。利用配子体在海带、裙带菜的遗传育种中 ,发现了孤雌生活史 ;获得了全雌性海带和裙带菜 ;并实现了种质资源的长期保存。培育的“单海 1号”、“远杂 10号”海带新品种 ,获得了显著的经济效益。紫菜酶法育苗和大型海藻生产单细胞活饵料属原始创新技术。使紫菜育苗由传统的 5～ 6个月 ,缩短到 5天左右 ,使单胞藻饵料生产由 3～ 4个月 ,缩短到 3～ 4小时。这些成绩如紫菜育苗和动物幼体的养殖优化 ,在 2 1世纪水产养殖的改良中 。

Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Porphyra yezaensis and P. Haitanensis are the most important species of seaweed culture in China. In the genetic breeding using gametophytes of Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, a new life history——parthenogenesis was discovered and female Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida were obtained. New method for long term preservation of genetic resouces was also developed. New strains of Laminaria japonica with hybrid advantage, “Danhai No. 1' and “Yuanza No.10', have brought tremendous economical benefits. The seedling raising method using enzymatically prepared Porhyra gametophytic protoplasts has shortened the seedling raising time from traditional six months to about five days. The original views of producing live single macroalgal cell feeds consumes only three to four hours compared to the three to four months using traditional methods. These achievements will play key roles in the improvement of aquaculture in the 21st centuary optimization of Porphyra seedling raising and animal larva cultivation.