纳米材料的制备及应用研究

The Study of Preparation and Application of Nano-scale Materials

纳米材料是指颗粒尺寸在 1～ 1 0 0nm的超细材料 ,由于其晶粒小 ,比表面积大 ,这就使其产生了块状材料所不具有的量子尺寸效应、表面效应、宏观量子隧道效应、介电限域效应。表现在纳米体系的光、热、电、磁等性质与常规材料不同 ,从而在工程材料、磁性材料、催化剂、计算机等方面有着广泛的应用。纳米材料的制备方法主要分为 3类 :物理法、化学法和综合法。相信随着科学研究的不断深入 ,会有更好更多的新制备方法出现 ,以满足人们的需要 。

Nano-sized material refers to the ultrafine material,whose grain is between 1-100nm.Because of the grain's size and big specific surface area,nano-sized material has its special properties,such as quantum size effect,surface effect,macroscopic quantum tunnel effect,dielectric limit effect which bulk material do not have.It has some special properties in the nano-system,such as light,heat, electricity and magnetic,etc. Therefore nano-sized material is widely used in many fields,such as engineering materials ,magnetic materials,catalysts,and computers.There are three main preparation methods:physical method,chemical method and mixture method.With the development of the research of nano-sized materials,better and more preparation methods will be found to meet the need of mankind,and nano-scale material will be used more widely.