德性教化乃心灵转向——解读柏拉图的德性教化理念

Morality Cultivation as Guiding the Mind to the Good

柏拉图认为伦理生活具有实体性的共同体的关系 ,他把伦理价值的共契看作是公共的道德生活的根基 ,把伦理实体的共相精神作为个人道德的基石。为了形成道德的理想国 ,教化的目的就是在个人的灵魂中 ,培养正义、智慧、自制、勇敢的品格。德性教化提高个人对灵魂的自我理解 (智慧 )、自我治理、自我更新的能力 ,它是一种灵魂的治理与自我治理的统一 ,它是从灵魂深处引出理性 。

In this paper Plato's point of view of virtues formation is reviewed and interpreted. Plato thinks that the common sharing of the moral values is fatal to the moral life in a society because it is rooted in the real community such as a state. The common spirit of a moral entity is the root of personal morality. Education is formation of the virtues of justice, wisdom, self-control and courage in order to build a moral community. Moral education develops the capacity of self-understanding, self-management, self-renewing. It inspires practical reason of the mind to have spiritual character self-improved in the guidance of the ultimate good.