从“言不尽意”到超越语言——中国传统文学语言观念的现代分析

From "to Speak with Reticence" to "to Surmount Language" ——The Modern Analysis of Chinese Traditional Literary Language

从先秦到魏晋 ,“言不尽意”逐渐成为文学理论的重要命题 ,“意”也就逐渐用来指称文学艺术要表现的内容。文学要表现的是人内在的生命体验和情感 ,它也是难以用日常语言“尽意”的 ;从传统的文学创作实践及理论来看 ,文学超越日常语言的主要方式是“立象以尽意”,但文学语言所立之象并不是日常司空见惯的现实之象 ,而是以审美之心所绘出的超越现实的虚拟之象 ,即语言乌托邦。文学超越日常语言的主要语言策略 :一是以有限寓无限 ,二是运用比喻和象征 。

During the time from the Qin dynasty to the Wei dynasty and the Jin dynasty, 'Words cannot fully express what one intends to say' gradually became a common literary conception and thus 'intension' was used more and more frequently to refer to what literary and artistic works intend to convey.This paper argues that artistic and literary words mainly convey the internal feelings and life experiences, therefore, It is difficult for the feelings and experiences to be fully expressed with daily words. According to traditional literary and artistic theory and creative practice, the main way for literary works to surmount daily words is to create images to express one's intension. But literary images are imaginary ones created by minds with aesthetic taste out of realistic ones, ie.Language Utopia.This paper holds that the main strategies to surmount daily words for literary creation are:①to contain infiniteness in finiteness; ②to use metaphar and symbolism;③to be innovative in language using.