论大洋洲的殖民化及新西兰近代的改革

Colonization of Oceania and Modern Reform of New Zealand

大洋洲是在地理大发现的白银时代才呈现在欧洲人面前的。1788年和1840年分别是澳大利亚和新西兰被英国殖民的开始时间,与此同时也逐渐开始了近代化。由于地处南半球、移民的奋斗等原因,殖民化与近代化同步发展。另外,新西兰的毛利人进行过维护土地权的战争,而澳大利亚的土著几乎未作过积极的反抗。19世纪后期,这两个国家都有过社会改革的实验,加之移民劳动者的努力,为20世纪初自治领的建立奠定了基础。此后两国实际走上了独立的道路并在亚太地区发挥着重大作用。

Only during the Silver Age of the Great Geographical Discovery did Oceania appear to the eyes of the Europeans.British colonization of Australia and New Zealand began from 1788 and 1840 respectively,and at the same time steps of modernization started as a result of various reasons. The distinctive feature of NewZealand was the Maori War fighting for agrarian right,while the Australian aborigines didn't react actively.Due to the social reform and the hard work of the labouring people,the system of Dominion became reality in the turn of the 20th century.From then on the two countries actually gained independence and have since functioned enormously in the Asian and Pacific region.