舍勒的先验论及其对康德的批判

Scheler's Apriorism and His Critique of Kant

在康德那里,所谓“先验”就是指独立于人的经验。这种先验论不仅是康德认识论的基础,也是他伦理学的基础。而在舍勒看来,先验并不意味着独立于人的任何经验,而仅仅独立于人的非现象学经验。基于此,舍勒认为,康德的先验论是纯粹形式主义的,毫无事实依据。他对康德的批判尽管一针见血,但仍落入了基础主义的窠臼。

In Kant's opinion, 'apriority' refers to any experience independent of human beings. This kind of aprio-rism is the foundation not only of Kant's epistemology but also of his ethics. In contrast, Scheler maintains that 'a-priority' only refers to non- phenomenological experience independent of human beings instead of any experience independent of man. Based on this, he argues that Kant's apriorism is characteristic of pure formalism because it is not supported by any evidence or facts. Scheler's critique of Kant is to the point, but like Kant, he can not break free of the set pattern associated with foundationism.