胡佛与美国1929—1933年大萧条——重评胡佛的反萧条措施

Hoover and the Beginning of the 1929 - 1933 Great Depression——A Reevaluation of Hoover's Anti-depression Policies

本文考察了1929—1933年美国经济大萧条的发展过程,通过对大萧条持续原因的客观分析研讨了胡佛总统在此期间的主要反萧条措施,重新评价胡佛作为承接1920年代开启1930年代的总统,在大萧条中他受制于他的经济哲学,表现出既非很多美国民众看到的无能,也不是传统学术界认为的无为,而是在自由放任与国家干预之间的徘徊,更多的是无奈。但是他的某些应对举措也曾经成为后任的借鉴。

This article starts with the question whether the Great Depression is inevitable. Investigations have been made on President Hoover's anti-depression policies as well as the expansion of the Depression between 1929 and 1933. Through an analysis of causes of the Depression, a reassessment of Hoover and his policy during the depression has been taken. As a president setting from 1920's to 1930' s, Hoover was more unfortunate rather than unable, helpless rather than powerless. Some of his policies gave clues to his successors.