美国联邦政府在油气行业中的职能——兼论构建中国油气行业监管体系

The Role of the American Government in the Oil and Gas Industry —— A Discussion on Establishing a Chinese Oil and Gas Industry Regulatory System

美国联邦政府在油气行业中的职能主要包括:制定联邦政府的能源政策和能源战略;管理联邦的土地,提高油气资源的开发利用率;制定行业标准和规则,实施监管职能,保护环境,维护市场的有效竞争。入世后,面对激烈的市场竞争,我国必须尽快建立自己的油气监管体系。首先要转变政府职能,成立国家能源监管委员会;其次是要完善行业法律、法规,为实施监管提供法律保障;三是要培育统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系,打破行业垄断;四是建立石油战略储备体系。

The main functions of the U.S. federal government in the oil and gas industry are: establish energy policy and overall strategy of the federal government; manage the federal lands and raise the utilization ratio of oil and gas resources; establish industrial standards and rules; implement regulations; protect the environment; and safeguard competition in the market. After entering the WTO, the Chinese government must establish a regulatory system for the oil and gas industry as soon as possible. First, government functions shall be transformed and a national energy supervision and regulatory committee should be established. Second, industry laws and regulations should be perfected so that they offer legal guarantees for implementation. Third, it is to sponsor a market system with uniform opportunity and orderly competition to break the potential of monopoly. Fourth, set up a strategic petroleum reserves.