孙中山“权能分别学理”的形成及其基本内涵初探

Formation and Basic Meaningof Sun Yat-sen's Theory of "Separation of Rights from Function

孙中山“权能分别学理”是国际国内矛盾冲突和孙中山本人文化素养相结合的产物 ,是为解决本国政治权威危机 ,创建驾驭欧美之上的新型良善政制而创造出来的。该学理是孙中山宪法思想的核心与基石 ,其基本内涵包括 :权能分治、人民有权、政府万能、以权驭能和九权平衡四项原则 ,全方位体现了中西政治文化共同尊崇的宪法基本精神———和谐。

Sun Yat-sen's Theory of 'Separation of Rights from Function' was created on the basis of combination of international and domestic contradiction and his own culture, for the purpose of solving the domestic crisis of political authority and establishing a new political structure better than European and American ones. This theory is the core and basis of Sun Yat-sen's constitutional thought,which includes four basic principles-separation of rights from function, rights belonging to people, all-around government, rights over function and balance between nine types of rights, which comprehensively reflects the basic constitutional spirit respected in both Chinese and Western political culture-harmony.